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Madrassas of Pakistan are Islamic seminaries in Pakistan, known as ''Madaris-e-Deeniya'' in Urdu. Most Madrasas teach mostly Islamic subjects such as ''Tafseer'' (Interpretation of Holy Quran), ''Hadith'' (thousands of sayings of Prophet Muhammad), ''Fiqh'' (Islamic Law), Arabic Language;〔 but include some non-Islamic subjects (such as logic, philosophy, mathematics), that enable students to understand the religious ones.〔 The number of madrassas grew dramatically during and after the reign of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, and are especially popular among Pakistan’s poorest families in part because they feed and house their students. For the majority of Pakistani families they may provide "the only realistic option" to educate their sons.〔 Estimates of the number of madrasas vary between 12,000 and 40,000.〔〔 In some areas of Pakistan they outnumber the underfunded public schools.〔 Most madrassas in Pakistan are Sunni, follow the doctrine of the Deobandi sect. An estimated 4-10% madrassas serve the minority Shia population. Additionally there are a number of Quran academies offering diplomas in Islamic courses. Critics have complained that many madrassas offer almost no instruction beyond the memorizing of the Koran, and that analysis of the profiles of suicide bombers who have struck in at least one region of Pakistan have found most attended madrasas.〔 ==History== The ''madaris'' rose as colleges of learning in the Islamic world in the 11th century, though there were institutions of learning earlier.〔George Makdisi, ''The Rise of Colleges: Institutions of Learning in Islam and the West'', 1981: Edinburgh Univ. Press. pp. 10-24〕 They catered not only to the religious establishment, though that was the dominant influence over them, but also the secular one. To the latter they supplied physicians, administrative officials, judges and teachers. The expansion was due both to the growth of Pakistan's population and active government programmes geared towards promoting a specific culture and ideology. Major elements sought to promote the indigenous culture originally taught in the madaris in Pakistan. During the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, Afghan government officials often supported jihad activities (freedom fighters) in various madrassa schools in northern Pakistan. After the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States, American television commentators widely associated ''madrassas'' with violence or fundamentalism. Former Pakistani president Gen. Musharraf tried to introduce an element of nominal control as an overture to American pressure, which have by and large been considered a failure. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Madrassas in Pakistan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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